2023-06-21
国連持続可能な開発ソリューションネットワーク（SDSN）は6月、持続可能な開発報告書2023（Sustainable Development Report 2023）を刊行しました。SDSNは、国連事務総長の後援のもと2012年に設立されたネットワークで、世界的な科学技術の専門知を結集し、持続可能な開発目標（SDGs）やパリ気候協定の実施など持続可能な開発のための実用的な解決策を提案しています。
本報告書には、SDGs達成にむけての進捗を追跡することのできるSDG指標とダッシュボードが含まれています。3年連続、SDGs達成に向けた進捗は後退し、SDG指標は3年連続でさらに減少しました。健康・気候・生物多様性・地政・軍事などに関する複数の国際危機が同時に生じたことが原因です。
今年は2015年から2030年の中間点にあたります。2023年9月には国連加盟国がSDGs採択以来2回目の会合を開き、SDGs達成に向けての優先事項を定義することになっています。SDGs の進捗を回復させるためには、パンデミックや戦争を終結させ、SDGs達成に向けての資金を確保するための国際的な協力が必要です。
SDGs達成に向けての総合的な進捗を国別に測るSDG指標のトップはフィンランド（昨年1位）、次にスウェーデン（昨年2位）、デンマーク（昨年3位）、と北欧諸国が続きます。上位10カ国をヨーロッパ諸国が占めています。
日本は163か国中21位で、2022年の19位、2021年の18位、2020年の17位、2019年の15位から更にランクを落としました。特に目標５（ジェンダー）、12（生産・消費）、13（気候変動）、14（海洋資源）、15（陸上資源）、17（実施手段）について大きな課題が残っているとされています。
（参考文献）
SDSN. Sustainable Development Report 2023.
報告書は下記のリンクから閲覧できます。
Website: https://www.sdgindex.org/
SDSN Japan 蟹江 憲史 (議長)
連絡先 SDSN Japan カトラミーズ ターレク（事務局長）| katramiz@sfc.keio.ac.jp
PARIS, FRANCE, 21 June 2023 – For the third year in a row, global progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been static, and there is a risk that the gap in SDG outcomes between high-income countries (HICs) and low-income countries (LICs) will be larger in 2030 than when the goals were universally agreed upon in 2015, reveals the latest Sustainable Development Report (SDR) released today. The SDR includes the SDG Index and Dashboards ranking the performance of all UN Member States on the SDGs and is produced by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). Despite the grim news, the report demonstrates that while the world is off track at the mid-point of the SDGs, now is the time for countries to double down on SDG progress by endorsing deep reform of the global financial architecture and implementing the SDG Stimulus to close the significant financing gap facing developing and emerging countries.
Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs, President of the SDSN and a lead author of the report, emphasizes the following, “Half way to 2030, the SDGs are seriously off track – with the poor and highly vulnerable countries suffering the most. The international community should step up at this month’s Summit for a New Global Financing Pact in Paris, and at the key upcoming multilateral meetings, including the G20 meeting in New Delhi, the SDG Summit New York in September, and COP28 in Dubai, to scale-up international financial flows based on SDG needs. It would be unconscionable for the world to miss this opportunity, especially for the richest countries to evade their responsibilities. The SDGs remain fundamental for the future we want.”
The report is accessible here. The websites and data visualization links are available below.
Website: https://www.sdgindex.org/
Data Visualization:https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/
New SDG Transformation Center:https://sdgtransformationcenter.org/
Citation Details: Sachs, J.D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., Drumm, E. (2023). Implementing the SDG Stimulus. Sustainable Development Report 2023. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press, 2023. 10.25546/102924
At the mid-point of the SDGs, not a single goal will be achieved by 2030 at the current rate.
The SDR shows that based on the current pace of progress since 2015, none of the goals will be achieved by 2030, and on average, less than 20% of the SDG targets are on track to be achieved. While from 2015 – 2019, the world was making some modest progress on the SDGs, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and simultaneous global crises and setbacks, progress has stalled and is one full point below the projected level based on pre-pandemic trends. Furthermore, the report highlights that there is a risk that the gap in SDG outcomes between HICs and LICs will be larger in 2030 (29 points) than it was in 2015 (28 points) – underscoring the danger of losing a decade of progress towards convergence globally.
Some of the indicators that experienced the most significant reversals in progress include subjective well-being, access to vaccination, poverty, and unemployment rate. SDG goals related to hunger, sustainable diets and health outcomes (SDG 2 and SDG 3) are particularly off-track, as well as terrestrial and marine biodiversity (SDGs 14 and 15), air and plastic pollution (SDG 11 and SDG 12), and strong institutions and peaceful societies (SDG 16). On average, since the adoption of the SDGs in 2015, the world made some progress in strengthening access to key infrastructure, covered notably under SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).
Finland holds the top spot on this year’s 2023 SDG Index, followed by Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and Austria. European countries continue to lead in the SDG Index – holding the top 10 spots – and are on track to achieve more targets than any other region, with Denmark, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, and the Slovak Republic as the top five countries that have achieved or are on track to achieving the largest number of SDG targets this year. By contrast, Lebanon, Yemen, Papua New Guinea, Venezuela, and Myanmar have the largest number of SDG targets moving in the wrong direction.
Chronic shortfalls of SDG financing to developing and emerging economies persist. SDSN offers six priorities for reform of the Global Financial Architecture.
At their core, the SDGs are investment agenda, and the report highlights that the current global financial architecture (GFA) is failing to channel global savings to SDG investments at the needed pace and scale. In 2022, investment per person in the LICs averaged a meager $175 USD per person, compared with $11,535 USD per person in the HICs (Moody’s and World Bank, 2023). Most LICs and LMICs lack the credit ratings to borrow on acceptable terms, making them highly vulnerable to self-fulfilling liquidity and balance of payments crises and nearly impossible for these countries to implement long-term sustainable investment strategies. Coupled with these challenges are private capital markets that continue to direct large flows of private savings to unsustainable technologies and practices and an international system that is impeded by outdated frameworks to ensure large-scale SDG financing. In this context, the SDR presents a six-point plan to reform the GFA, including the adoption of an SDG stimulus, issued by SDSN’s Leadership Council, a preeminent group of global experts and leaders in sustainable development across academia, business, civil society, and the public sector.[1]
All countries, poorer and richer alike, should use the half-way momentum to self-critically review and revise their national SDG strategies and long-term investment frameworks.
At the mid-point of the SDGs, the SDR highlights that government effort and commitment to the SDGs is too low, and no country is close to obtaining a perfect score. There is significant variation across countries, with some developing and emerging economies – including Benin, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Senegal – showing quite remarkable commitment for the SDGs. Among the G20 countries, average scores range from more than 75 percent in Indonesia to less than 40 percent in the Russian Federation and the United States. Notably, LICs and LMICs obtained a higher average score than HICs on political and institutional leadership for the SDGs. Since the adoption of the SDGs, only five countries have never submitted their SDG action plan to the United Nations for a Voluntary National Review; these include Haiti, Myanmar, South Sudan, Yemen, and the United States.
This year’s report also shows that despite most governments having signaled “soft” SDG integration into their public management practices and procedures, “hard” SDG integration is missing in most countries, including the use of the SDGs to support long-term budget and investment frameworks. In a survey of 74 countries and the European Union, only one-third of governments mention the SDGs or use related terms in their latest official budget document, with even fewer including the SDGs in a dedicated section, budget lines, or allocation.
New Pilot Index Gauges Countries Support for Multilateralism.
An important component of countries’ efforts and commitments to the SDGs is the promotion of multilateralism and global cooperation under the UN Charter, the founding document of the United Nations. This year’s report includes the first pilot index of multilateralism that captures the overarching dimensions of support for multilateralism and comparisons of countries, including countries’ efforts to promote and preserve peace, percentage of UN treaties ratified, international solidarity and financing, membership in select UN organizations, and the use of unilateral coercive measures among other indicators. Argentina, Barbados, Chile, Germany, Jamaica, and Seychelles obtained the highest score for their efforts to promote multilateralism, yet no country obtains a perfect score.
Other key findings of the Sustainable Development Report 2023 include:
Since 2015, the SDR has provided the most up-to-date data to track and rank the performance of all UN Member States on the SDGs. The report was written by a group of independent experts at the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), led by its President, Professor Jeffrey Sachs.
Media Contacts:
Alyson Marks | Alyson.Marks@unsdsn.org (Head of Communications and External Relations, U.S.-based)
Guillaume Lafortune | guillaume.lafortune@unsdsn.org (VP of the SDSN, Lead Coordinator and Report Author, France-based)
About SDSN:
The UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) has been operating since 2012 under the auspices of the UN Secretary-General. SDSN mobilizes global scientific and technological expertise to promote practical solutions for sustainable development, including the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement. We aim to accelerate joint learning and promote integrated approaches that address the interconnected economic, social, and environmental challenges confronting the world.
SDSN Japan:
SDSN Japan was established in 2015 as the Japanese hub of the global SDSN network (i) to address sustainability issues(ii) to achieve the SDGs, (iii) to build a platform for collaboration among various stakeholders, (iv) to follow international initiatives and (v) to develop actions to implement the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.
Norichika Kanie | Chair
Tarek Katramiz | Network Manager
Japan Contact
katramiz@sfc.keio.ac.jp
[1] The list of members of SDSN’s Leadership Council is available here: https://www.unsdsn.org/leadership-council.
